Playing With Characters HackerRank Solution [Easy]

Problem Statement

This challenge will help you to learn how to take a character, a string and a sentence as input in C. 

To take a single character  as input, you can use scanf("%c", &ch ); and printf("%c", ch) writes a character specified by the argument char to stdoutchar ch; scanf(“%c”, &ch); printf(“%c”, ch);

This piece of code prints the character .

You can take a string as input in C using scanf(“%s”, s). But, it accepts string only until it finds the first space. 

In order to take a line as input, you can use scanf("%[^\n]%*c", s); where   is defined as char s[MAX_LEN] where  is the maximum size of . Here, [] is the scanset character. ^\n stands for taking input until a newline isn’t encountered. Then, with this %*c, it reads the newline character and here, the used * indicates that this newline character is discarded.

Note: The statement: scanf("%[^\n]%*c", s); will not work because the last statement will read a newline character, \n, from the previous line. This can be handled in a variety of ways. One way is to use scanf("\n"); before the last statement. 

Task

You have to print the character, ch , in the first line. Then print s in next line. In the last line print the sentence, sen.

Constraints:

• Strings for s and sen will have fewer than 100 characters, including the newline.

Input Format

• First, take a character, ch as input.
• Then take the string, s as input.
• Lastly, take the sentence sen as input.

Example 1:

C
Language
Welcome To C!!

Output

C
Language
Welcome To C!!

Playing With Characters HackerRank Solution Code

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() 
{
    char ch;
    char s[24];
    char t[100];
    
    scanf("%c", &ch);
    scanf("%s", s);
    getchar();
    scanf("%[^\n]%*c", t);
    
    printf("%c\n", ch);
    printf("%s\n", s);
    printf("%s\n", t);
     
    return 0;
}

Explanation of Approach

The program performs the following tasks:

1. Reads a single character.
2. Reads a word (a string without spaces).
3. Reads a sentence (a string that may include spaces).
4. Outputs the read character, word, and sentence each on a new line.

Let’s break down the code step-by-step to understand its functionality:

1. Variable Declaration:
   • char ch; declares a character variable to store a single character.
   • char s[24]; declares a character array (string) to store a word. The size of 24 indicates it can hold up to 23 characters plus a null terminator \0.
   • char t[100]; declares a larger character array to store a sentence, capable of holding up to 99 characters plus a null terminator.
2. Input Operations:
   • scanf("%c", &ch); reads a single character from the input and stores it in the variable ch.
   • scanf("%s", s); reads a word from the input and stores it in the array s. The %s format specifier automatically stops reading at the first whitespace encountered.
   • getchar(); is used to consume the newline character left in the input buffer by the previous scanf. This is necessary because the next input operation uses scanf("%[^\n]%*c", t);, which reads until a newline character but doesn’t consume it.
   • scanf("%[^\n]%*c", t); reads a line of text until a newline character is encountered. The %[^\n] tells scanf to read all characters until a newline is encountered. The %*c reads and discards the newline character itself, preventing it from being consumed by subsequent input operations.
3. Output Operations:
   • printf("%c\n", ch); prints the single character stored in ch.
   • printf("%s\n", s); prints the word stored in the array s.
   • printf("%s\n", t); prints the sentence stored in the array t.

Read Also

Dynamic Array in c Hackerrank Solution

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